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Automobile publicity is an important marketing strategy which will sell a car even before the model is released. Take a look at the models that are set to be released in 2012. All the customer has to do is type in the specific car brand and model due for discharge the next year and get the outcomes, fast.
Automobile advertising includes audio and visual advertising. You can also view the vehicle based on its color. The customer just needs to click on the color selection below the vehicle and the vehicle?s color will automatically vary. Automobile publicity is an important marketing strategy which will sell a car even before the model is released. Take a look at the models that are set to be released in 2012. All the customer has to do is type in the specific car brand and model due for discharge the next year and get the outcomes, fast. You will certainly be amazed and obsessed with it. Even before the car is released, customers would usually ask about it or even place a purchase.
Such automotive advertising online also offers dealership advertising as well. The advertising page usually have options where brochures and information can be sent to the specific car dealer should they care to want them. These brochures and advertising page can also be used as an advertising tool that customers can check on.
The automobile advertising agency tasked to advertised the car are usually been contracted by the car manufacturing company.
These are the type of agencies that car manufacturers rely on in terms of dealing their cars. The agencies do a lot of strategies just to get the cars sold like hotcakes in the market.
How successful these automotive advertising could possibly get? Think of it this way: despite the global recession, there?s a surge in the interest in vehicles everywhere in the world. More and more individuals are looking for accurate information from the advertisiers so as for them to obtain the best looking car there is in the market. These days, customers are looking for fuel efficient vehicles and this is the main target of advertisers to entice more customers. Of course, the visuals do help a lot and they are very successful in selling the cars using the effective visuals.
Taking a glance to the TV unit, there is a car flashing by and the car is just too delicious to resist. The magnificence of the car is enhanced by the camera focusing on its awesome exterior down to its luxurious interiors. This is the goal of the automotive advertising agencies and they?re excellent at it.
Our goal as an automobile advertising agency is to offer you a competitive advantage over traditional advertising via Search engine organic, Search engine Adwords and FaceBook! Your Automotive Advertising authority.
Article source: http://goarticles.com/article/Automotive-Advertising-Audio-And-Visual-Advertising-Sells-The-Car/5563572/
Source: http://www.articles-digest.com/automotive-advertising/
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Continue reading Solar Ship takes to the skies powered by good deeds and sunshine (video)
Solar Ship takes to the skies powered by good deeds and sunshine (video) originally appeared on Engadget on Mon, 24 Oct 2011 17:57:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.
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October 24, 2011 | Author: Bob | In: Advertising, Awesome, Childhood nostalgia, Gaming, Interesting
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Undated artist rendering provided by EADS Astrium shows the scientific satellite Rosat. The German Aerospace Center said the retired satellite is hurtling toward the atmosphere and pieces could crash into the earth as early as Friday. Spokesman Andreas Schuetz told The Associated Press on Wednesday, Oct. 19, 2011 that most of the satellite named ROSAT, which is about the size of a minivan, will burn up during re-entry. (AP Photo/EADS Astrium)
Undated artist rendering provided by EADS Astrium shows the scientific satellite Rosat. The German Aerospace Center said the retired satellite is hurtling toward the atmosphere and pieces could crash into the earth as early as Friday. Spokesman Andreas Schuetz told The Associated Press on Wednesday, Oct. 19, 2011 that most of the satellite named ROSAT, which is about the size of a minivan, will burn up during re-entry. (AP Photo/EADS Astrium)
BERLIN (AP) ? A defunct German research satellite crashed into the Earth somewhere in Southeast Asia on Sunday, a U.S. scientist said ? but no one is still quite sure where.
Most parts of the minivan-sized ROSAT research satellite were expected to burn up as they hit the atmosphere at speeds up to 280 mph (450 kph), but up to 30 fragments weighing a total of 1.87 tons (1.7 metric tons) could have crashed, the German Aerospace Center said.
Jonathan McDowell of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, said the satellite appears to have gone down over Southeast Asia. He said two Chinese cities with millions of inhabitants each, Chongqing and Chengdu, had been in the satellite's projected path during its re-entry time.
"But if it had come down over a populated area there probably would be reports by now," the astrophysicist, who tracks man-made space objects, told The Associated Press in a telephone interview.
Calculations based on U.S. military data indicate that satellite debris must have crashed somewhere east of Sri Lanka over the Indian Ocean, or over the Andaman Sea off the coast of Myanmar, or further inland in Myanmar or as far inland as China, he said.
The satellite entered the atmosphere between 0145 GMT to 0215 GMT Sunday (9:45 p.m. to 10:15 p.m. Saturday EDT) and would have taken 15 minutes or less to hit the ground, the German Aerospace Center said. Hours before the re-entry, the center said the satellite was not expected to land in Europe, Africa or Australia.
There were no immediate reports from Asian governments or space agencies about the fallen satellite.
The satellite used to circle the planet in about 90 minutes, and it may have traveled several thousand kilometers (miles) during its re-entry, rendering exact predictions of where it crashed difficult.
German space agency spokesman Andreas Schuetz said a falling satellite also can change its flight pattern or even its direction once it sinks to within 90 miles (150 kilometers) above the Earth.
Schuetz said the agency was waiting for data from scientific partners around the globe. He noted it took the U.S. space agency NASA several days to establish where one of its satellites had hit last month.
The 2.69-ton (2.4 metric ton) scientific ROSAT satellite was launched in Cape Canaveral, Florida, in 1990 and retired in 1999 after being used for research on black holes and neutron stars and performing the first all-sky survey of X-ray sources with an imaging telescope.
ROSAT's largest single fragment that could have hit is the telescope's heavy heat-resistant mirror.
"The impact would be similar to, say, an airliner having dropped an engine," said McDowell. "It would damage whatever it fell on, but it wouldn't have widespread consequences."
A dead NASA satellite fell into the southern Pacific Ocean last month, causing no damage but spreading debris over a 500-mile (800-kilometer) area.
Since 1991, space agencies have adopted new procedures to lessen space junk and having satellites falling back to Earth. NASA says it has no more large satellites that will fall back to Earth uncontrolled in the next 25 years.
___
Online:
The German space agency on ROSAT: http://bit.ly/papMAA
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ScienceDaily (Oct. 21, 2011) ? Researchers from the NYU Cancer Institute, an NCI-designated cancer center at NYU Langone Medical Center, have identified a cell cycle-regulated mechanism behind the transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells. The study shows the significant role that protein networks can play in a cell leading to the development of cancer. The study results, published in the October 21 issue of the journal Molecular Cell, suggest that inhibition of the CK1 enzyme may be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer cells formed as a result of a malfunction in the cell's mTOR signaling pathway.
In the study, NYU Cancer Institute researchers examined certain multi-protein complexes and protein regulators in cancer cells. Researchers identified a major role for the multi-protein complex called SCF?TrCP. It assists in the removal from cancer cells the recently discovered protein DEPTOR, an inhibitor of the mTOR pathway. SCF (Skp1, Cullin1, F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complexes are responsible for the removal of unnecessary proteins from a cell. This degradation of proteins by the cell's ubiquitin system controls cell growth and prevents malignant cell transformation. Researchers show that inhibiting the ability of SCF?TrCPto degrade DEPTOR in cells can result in blocking the proliferation of cancer cells. In addition, researchers discovered that the activity of CK1 (Casein Kinase 1), a protein that regulates signaling pathways in most cells, is needed for SCF?TrCP to successfully promote the degradation of DEPTOR.
"Low levels of DEPTOR and high levels of mTOR activity are found in many cancers, including cancers of the breast, prostate, and lung," said senior study author Michele Pagano, MD, the May Ellen and Gerald Jay Ritter Professor of Oncology and Professor of Pathology at NYU Langone Medical Center and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. "It is critical for researchers to better understand how the protein DEPTOR is regulated.Our study shows it would be advantageous to increase the levels of DEPTOR in many types of cancer cells to inhibit mTOR and prevent cell proliferation."
The mTOR pathway (mammalian Target Of Rapamycin) regulates the growth, proliferation, and survival of a cell, and its proper regulation is essential to prevent the formation of cancer cells. DEPTOR interrupts the mTOR pathway by binding to mTOR protein complexes and blocking their enzymatic activities, restraining cell growth. This helps support the proliferation and survival of cancer cells.
Study experiments showed that a reduction of SCF?TrCP and CK1 proteins in cells resulted in accumulation of DEPTOR. Also, DEPTOR was destroyed in cells only when SCF?TrCP and CK1 were both present. Thus, inhibition of SCF?TrCP or CK1 represents a novel and promising way to inhibit the mTOR pathway. A pharmacologic inhibitor of CK1 was tested by researchers and shown to successfully stabilize DEPTOR in cells, while other pharmacological agents had no effect.
"Our study findings demonstrate that DEPTOR is regulated by the SCF?TrCPprotein complex in cells reentering the cell cycle, and deregulation of this event could contribute to the aberrant activation of the mTOR pathway in cancer," said lead author Shanshan Duan, PhD, a post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Pathology at NYU School of Medicine in Dr. Pagano's Laboratory. "This study suggests a novel approach to stop the deregulation of the mTOR pathway in cancer cells with promising small molecule inhibitors of CK1.This study is another step forward in the translation of laboratory findings into more effective approaches to cancer prevention and treatment."
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What is Green Investing
Article by GlobalGreenCapacity
The world?s population is rapidly growing and the strain on natural resources is getting ever greater. Rainforests are shrinking, soils are being drained and fields are producing fewer crops. We want to help fund the survival of the earth.
What is Green Investing?
Green investing encompasses a variety of sectors such as natural products and organic foods, sustainable farming, environmental commodities, renewable energy, pollution controls, non-toxic practices, community involvement and energy-saving products. These sectors are then brokendown further into subgroups. Your social, personal and environmental values should help you focus on which green investing sector is the most suitable for you. During the past few years, the business world has also awakened to the concept that ?green,? meaning environmentally conscious, and ?green,? meaning financially lucrative, are not mutually exclusive. But how can this knowledge translate to individuals who have their own money to invest? Whether or not you knowingly do so, as a conscious consumer you use your purchasing power to demonstrate which products and services you support. If you have money available to invest, you can take this concept a few steps further by investing directly in your favourite environmentally-minded companies and helping to bolster both existing and emerging ?green? industries. To help us identify the most compelling investmentprospects, we have identified five major areas we believe will address some of our immediate environmental and resource challenges: sustainable agricultural practices; sustainable energy such as solar and wind; alternative fuel source such as biofuels; Eco-conscious living which includes commodities and sustainable timber. After extensive research into each category, through various third-party academic, investment, consulting, and industry sources, we are able to ascertain what we believe to be realistic market
Tags: Green, Investing ?
Source: http://www.timersnet.info/what-is-green-investing.html
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LONDON ? Even as Scotland's separatist leader kicked off his party's independence campaign Saturday, he also floated a compromise option which would fall short of his cherished goal of full separation from the United Kingdom.
It's a proposal that's been described as "Independence Lite" ? something which would give Scots control of all their affairs except foreign policy and defense, which would still be run out of London. First Minister Alex Salmond, the leader of the Scottish National Party, gave an ambiguous endorsement. On the one hand he called it a "legitimate proposal," on the other hand he told supporters gathered for a party conference in the city of Inverness on Saturday that the move was "not enough."
So why propose it?
Scottish independence is a central goal of Salmond's Party, which received a big boost in May when the nationalists won an unprecedented majority in Scotland's parliament.
But while many Scots support the nationalists, a significant number still baulk at a full divorce from England, to which it was attached by the Act of Union more than 300 years ago. Survey figures vary, but in recent years most have suggested that fewer than half of all Scottish voters would choose independence in a straight "yes or no" referendum.
Given that Salmond's party has pledged to put the question of independence to the public within the next few years, commentators have suggested that having a middle option might be a way of winning more power away from London ? and salvaging a political victory ? even if most Scots rejected full independence.
In his speech to party stalwarts, Salmond made his preferred option clear, warning Scots that if they chose the middle road they could still be on the hook for Britain's military adventures.
"We could still be forced to spill blood in illegal wars like Iraq, and Scotland would still be excluded from the Councils of Europe and the world," he said.
Scotland already enjoys broad autonomy in domestic matters such as justice, education, housing and health.
___
Online:
Scottish National Party: http://www.snp.org/
(This version corrects day to Saturday in paragraphs 1-2.)
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WASHINGTON ? Citigroup has agreed to pay $285 million to settle civil fraud charges that it misled buyers of a complex mortgage investment just as the housing market was starting to collapse.
The Securities and Exchange Commission said Wednesday that the big Wall Street bank bet against the investment in 2007 and made $160 million in fees and profits. Investors lost millions.
Citigroup neither admitted nor denied the SEC's allegations in the settlement.
"We are pleased to put this matter behind us and are focused on contributing to the economic recovery, serving our clients and growing responsibly," Citigroup said in a statement.
The penalty is the biggest involving a Wall Street firm accused of misleading investors before the financial crisis since Goldman Sachs & Co. paid $550 million to settle similar charges last year. JPMorgan Chase & Co. resolved similar charges in June and paid $153.6 million.
All the cases have involved complex investments called collateralized debt obligations. Those are securities that are backed by pools of other assets, such as mortgages.
Citigroup's payment includes the fees and profit it earned, plus $30 million in interest and a $95 million penalty. The money will be returned to the investors, the SEC said.
In the July-September quarter, Citigroup earned $3.8 billion. CEO Vikram Pandit this year was awarded a multi-year bonus package that could be worth nearly $23.4 million if performance goals are met.
At the height of the financial crisis in 2008, regulators worried that Citigroup was on the brink of failure. It received $45 billion as part of the $700 billion government bailout.
In the civil lawsuit filed Wednesday, the SEC said Citigroup traders discussed in late 2006 the possibility of buying financial instruments to essentially bet on the failure of the mortgage assets being assembled in the deal.
Rating agencies downgraded most of the investments that Citigroup had bundled together just as many troubled homeowners stopped paying their mortgages in late 2007. That pushed the investment into default and cost its buyers' ? hedge funds and investment managers ? several hundred million dollars in losses.
Among the biggest losers were Ambac, a bond insurer, and BNP Paribas, a European bank. Ambac had sold Citigroup protection against losses on the investment, allowing Citigroup to bet against it.
Hedge funds had asked Citigroup to sell them investments that would decline if the housing market crashed. Citigroup did so, and wanted to get in on the action, the SEC said.
Citigroup bet that the investments would fail, but never told investors it had done so, SEC enforcement chief Robert Khuzami said in a conference call.
"Key facts regarding how the structure was put together were not made available to (investors), and they suffered losses as a result," he said.
Even though Citigroup designed the investment to fail, it told investors it had been designed by an independent manager, the SEC said. Citigroup's marketing materials said the investments were picked by Credit Suisse. In an email about the deal, one Citigroup banker asked another not to tell Credit Suisse that it was designed for Citigroup to profit.
Credit Suisse "agreed to the terms even though they don't get to pick the assets," the email said, according to the SEC's complaint.
Credit Suisse also reached a settlement with the SEC. Two divisions of the bank agreed to pay a $1.25 million civil fine. It will also return $1 million in fees and pay $250,000 in interest. They didn't admit or deny the charges.
Credit Suisse declined to comment on the settlement.
The SEC also filed charges against Brian Stoker, a Citigroup employee it said was mainly responsible for putting together the deal. Stoker will contest the charges, according to a statement released by his lawyer.
___
AP Business Writer Pallavi Gogoi in New York contributed to this report.
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The story of the man who released his 56 exotic animals into Ohio farmland and then took his own life has brought US animal ownership laws to the attention of the world. Here we take a look at what it really takes to get an exotic pet into an American home.
What types of exotic animal can you own in the US?
Eight states have no laws at all governing the ownership of exotic animals. Elsewhere, dangerous beasts from bears to primates to crocodiles are allowed as pets in much of the country. But even in states with ownership laws, the types of animals allowed vary widely. Arkansas, for example, has a ban on owning large carnivores like lions, tigers and bears, but each citizen can own up to six bobcats. Similarly lax laws in Colorado allow for ownership of up to six kangaroos.
These lenient rules don't come without consequences. The Exotic Animal Incidents database compiled by animal protection organisation Born Free USA cites 75 human deaths since 1990 and over 1500 other incidents. Most occurred in Florida.
How many exotic animals are privately owned in the US?
There are no good numbers because there are no federal regulations on animal ownership, and each state keeps records separately. Leigh Henry is a US-based tiger expert at the conservation campaign group WWF and says, "There's no way to know at any given time where they are." WWF estimated in 2004 that about 5000 tigers were kept in captivity in the US and only 5?per cent of those were in accredited zoos.
That's far more than the 3200 tigers thought to exist in the wild worldwide, but the US isn't the only country breeding the large cats. "The only country that outdoes us is China," says Henry. She says best guesses put the captive tiger population there at 7000, but that counts only the animals held by large-scale commercial tiger farms which are regulated by the government. Many more are probably being kept elsewhere in China.
Where do people get these animals?
Even in states where owning exotic animals is illegal, it is not hard to find a way to get them. There are websites that sell them, livestock yards that hold exotic animal auctions and even the odd story of a woman who sold tiger cubs from a Texas Walmart parking lot.
Bringing the animals across state lines or even into the country isn't difficult either, says Bryan Christy, author of The Lizard King, an expos? of animal trafficking. "There are no toll-booth operators looking for tigers," he says, referring to the lack of state-line checkpoints. "If someone in New York wants a tiger, they drive to Ohio and buy one and just bring it home."
Why is there so much trade in these animals in the US?
The short answer: because it's profitable.
Tiger cubs can be found for as little as $200 but when grown their body parts can be sold for upwards of 10 times that amount. The biggest threat to wild tigers is poaching for their parts, with people selling off skins, bones and whiskers for use in traditional Asian medicine.
Because there are very few regulations, and very little money goes toward enforcing the laws that do exist, Christy calls exotic animal trafficking "the most profitable form of trans-boundary trade bar none". A federal body ? the US Fish and Wildlife Service ? enforces movement of endangered species into and through the country, but in most cases its fine for a possession violation is just a few hundred dollars, he says.
Exotic animal trafficking is a multibillion-dollar industry, says Christy, and the crimes associated with it are often taken lightly. "In every respect this is organised crime," he says. "It's just that the commodity makes people smile."
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Microsoft's sights have clearly been set on expanding its Windows Phone empire into emerging markets, considering its recent interest in developing Tango, a low-cost version of its mobile OS due out next year. But the company's expansion strategy doesn't just get put on hold in the meantime -- Redmond announced a new partnership with Brightpoint, effectively adding the North African and Middle East markets to its Mango distribution list. Individual countries will have access to the Windows Phone Online Shop before the end of the year. We imagine there's quite a few anxious souls in the region who've been looking to get their hands on these devices for a long time now, but that wait is almost over.Microsoft and Brightpoint buddy up to deliver Windows Phone to Middle East and Africa originally appeared on Engadget on Thu, 20 Oct 2011 17:26:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.
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Contact: Kristin Laugaland
kristin.a.laugaland@uis.no
0047-518-31000
University of Stavanger
The Norwegian healthcare services are organized in primary and secondary service levels. According to PhD student Kristin Laugaland at UiS effective and safe care depends on coordination across the two service levels in which transitions across them represent a crucial stage in the recovery of elderly people.
Laugaland`s PhD project focuses on transitional care and patient safety within elderly health and care services in Norway. Primarily she is concerned with patient safety and how this is maintained in transitions across primary and secondary health and care services. Her PhD project is a collaboration with Frde Hospital and is part of a larger research project at UiS. The research project Quality and safety within elderly health and care services the role of transitions and interactions is led by professor Karina Aase and is funded by the Norwegian Research Council and the Western Norway Regional Health Authority.
The increasing elderly population in Norway makes the interface between primary and secondary healthcare particularly important when it comes to creating a consistent and safe health care delivery. As health and care conditions for elderly represents a growing challenge in society Laugaland awaits how Norwegian authorities will meet, solve and overcome tomorrow's biggest health challenge.
In response to the expected increase in the elderly population the coordination reform Proper treatment at the right place and time will be implemented as of January 2012. A primary goal of the reform is that municipalities to a greater extent shall fulfill the objectives of prevention and early intervention with the result that patients will receive treatment closer to their homes. Consequently, giving primary health and care services increased responsibility of several tasks currently performed in hospitals.
Critical transitions
Poorly executed transitions may lead to poor clinical outcomes, inappropriate use of hospitals, re-hospitalization, dissatisfaction among patients and inadequate follow-up and thus inadequate care states Kristin Laugaland.
- A growing body of evidence suggests that the elderly population is particularly vulnerable to experiencing discontinuity in care with the potential of adverse outcomes due to poorly executed transition. International research indicates that the risk of adverse events and medical errors is significant in the interface between GPs, care givers and hospitals. The severity of the adverse events can vary from laboratory abnormalities to permanent disability and in worst case death says Laugaland.
The major contributing risk factors are inadequate communication and documentation. When communication breaks down patients are at risk due to the fact that vital information such as diagnostic finding, test-results pending and follow-up care is not always shared adequately between physicians and nurses across primary and secondary health and care services.
- According to a Norwegian research study both referral and discharge summaries, i.e. the overall presentation of a patient's medical history, can be deficient to the degree that it might represent a health hazard for older patients, Laugaland says.
Older patients often hold a compound treatment picture characterized by complexity followed by complex medical regimen. Failures in transferring adequate medical information may lead to adverse drug events and medical discrepancies with the potential to cause harm. In addition to the risk of misinterpreting dosages, health care personnel do not always receive information about the time period patients should stay on particular medical treatments.
- Patients who have taken tests like X-ray, digital scans and blood samples, can be discharged with test results pending. Potentially actionable test results may be overlooked if information transfer is insufficient from the inpatient physician to the outpatient physician. Laugaland emphasizes that several of the adverse events occurring within transitional care have been identified and reported in the literature as preventable, which she thinks is alarming.
- People aged 65 and older are especially at high risk for adverse events and medical errors during transitions between service providers. This population has typically complex health problems frequently requiring care in multiple settings. Older patients, many with reduced mental capacity are also most dependent on a health care system that is able to communicate appropriately and transfer information and duties properly. Frail older patient, particularly those with cognitive impairment are completely dependent on health professionals who can attend to their needs, Laugaland emphasizes.
Unclear responsibility
Laugaland believes that poor coordination between primary and secondary health and care services are caused by a lack of holistic thinking and unclear responsibility. Each service provider tends to focus on its own tasks and not on the system as a whole, which is paradoxical given that it is the system the patient actually experiences.
- Limited research displays and highlights the importance of transitions and interactions for safety in Norwegian healthcare. Existing research has primarily been concerned with adverse events and medical error occurring within the hospital. Relatively little data are available to estimate the extent and impact of adverse events occurring across organizational boundaries, Laugaland says.
The PhD student and the rest of the research group at UiS look forward to contribute to important answers concerning transitions of elderly between care settings.
###
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Contact: Kristin Laugaland
kristin.a.laugaland@uis.no
0047-518-31000
University of Stavanger
The Norwegian healthcare services are organized in primary and secondary service levels. According to PhD student Kristin Laugaland at UiS effective and safe care depends on coordination across the two service levels in which transitions across them represent a crucial stage in the recovery of elderly people.
Laugaland`s PhD project focuses on transitional care and patient safety within elderly health and care services in Norway. Primarily she is concerned with patient safety and how this is maintained in transitions across primary and secondary health and care services. Her PhD project is a collaboration with Frde Hospital and is part of a larger research project at UiS. The research project Quality and safety within elderly health and care services the role of transitions and interactions is led by professor Karina Aase and is funded by the Norwegian Research Council and the Western Norway Regional Health Authority.
The increasing elderly population in Norway makes the interface between primary and secondary healthcare particularly important when it comes to creating a consistent and safe health care delivery. As health and care conditions for elderly represents a growing challenge in society Laugaland awaits how Norwegian authorities will meet, solve and overcome tomorrow's biggest health challenge.
In response to the expected increase in the elderly population the coordination reform Proper treatment at the right place and time will be implemented as of January 2012. A primary goal of the reform is that municipalities to a greater extent shall fulfill the objectives of prevention and early intervention with the result that patients will receive treatment closer to their homes. Consequently, giving primary health and care services increased responsibility of several tasks currently performed in hospitals.
Critical transitions
Poorly executed transitions may lead to poor clinical outcomes, inappropriate use of hospitals, re-hospitalization, dissatisfaction among patients and inadequate follow-up and thus inadequate care states Kristin Laugaland.
- A growing body of evidence suggests that the elderly population is particularly vulnerable to experiencing discontinuity in care with the potential of adverse outcomes due to poorly executed transition. International research indicates that the risk of adverse events and medical errors is significant in the interface between GPs, care givers and hospitals. The severity of the adverse events can vary from laboratory abnormalities to permanent disability and in worst case death says Laugaland.
The major contributing risk factors are inadequate communication and documentation. When communication breaks down patients are at risk due to the fact that vital information such as diagnostic finding, test-results pending and follow-up care is not always shared adequately between physicians and nurses across primary and secondary health and care services.
- According to a Norwegian research study both referral and discharge summaries, i.e. the overall presentation of a patient's medical history, can be deficient to the degree that it might represent a health hazard for older patients, Laugaland says.
Older patients often hold a compound treatment picture characterized by complexity followed by complex medical regimen. Failures in transferring adequate medical information may lead to adverse drug events and medical discrepancies with the potential to cause harm. In addition to the risk of misinterpreting dosages, health care personnel do not always receive information about the time period patients should stay on particular medical treatments.
- Patients who have taken tests like X-ray, digital scans and blood samples, can be discharged with test results pending. Potentially actionable test results may be overlooked if information transfer is insufficient from the inpatient physician to the outpatient physician. Laugaland emphasizes that several of the adverse events occurring within transitional care have been identified and reported in the literature as preventable, which she thinks is alarming.
- People aged 65 and older are especially at high risk for adverse events and medical errors during transitions between service providers. This population has typically complex health problems frequently requiring care in multiple settings. Older patients, many with reduced mental capacity are also most dependent on a health care system that is able to communicate appropriately and transfer information and duties properly. Frail older patient, particularly those with cognitive impairment are completely dependent on health professionals who can attend to their needs, Laugaland emphasizes.
Unclear responsibility
Laugaland believes that poor coordination between primary and secondary health and care services are caused by a lack of holistic thinking and unclear responsibility. Each service provider tends to focus on its own tasks and not on the system as a whole, which is paradoxical given that it is the system the patient actually experiences.
- Limited research displays and highlights the importance of transitions and interactions for safety in Norwegian healthcare. Existing research has primarily been concerned with adverse events and medical error occurring within the hospital. Relatively little data are available to estimate the extent and impact of adverse events occurring across organizational boundaries, Laugaland says.
The PhD student and the rest of the research group at UiS look forward to contribute to important answers concerning transitions of elderly between care settings.
###
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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-10/uos-icf102011.php
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NEW YORK (Reuters) ? Industrial production rose in September and a gauge of manufacturing in New York State hinted at stabilization in October, suggesting the factory sector will keep supporting the economic recovery.
Industrial production rose 0.2 percent last month, in line with expectations, as a gain in manufacturing offset a drop in utility output, a Federal Reserve report showed. August's reading was downwardly revised to show flat output.
Manufacturing production rose 0.4 percent, with consumer durables rising 0.9 percent as production rose for automotive products and home electronics.
"Despite signs of a slowdown in global economic growth, U.S. manufacturing output is still expanding at a solid pace," Paul Ashworth, chief U.S. economist at Capital Economics, wrote in a note.
"The third quarter turned out to be a lot better than some feared, and the economy has a little momentum going into the fourth."
The New York Fed's "Empire State" index provided a more mixed picture. The general business conditions index contracted for a fifth month in a row, though the pace moderated slightly and new orders improved.
The survey of manufacturing plants in the state is one of the earliest monthly guideposts to U.S. factory conditions.
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Graphic - U.S. industrial output, capacity utilization: http://link.reuters.com/geb54s
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NO EVIDENCE OF RECESSION
While the pace of growth in manufacturing has slowed in recent months -- and in some regions contracted -- last month's broader national report pointed to a sector that will continue to boost the recovery.
"A lot of people have been fearful that we're running into a new recession, and the data don't really show that here," said Scott Brown, chief economist at Raymond James, in St. Petersburg, Florida.
Financial markets were little moved by the data as investors focused on the sovereign debt situation in the euro zone.
The Empire State's business conditions index was up slightly in October at minus 8.48 from minus 8.82. Economists polled by Reuters had expected a reading of minus 4.0.
New orders rose to 0.16 from minus 8.0.
Employment gauges were mixed as the index for the number of employees rose to 3.37 from minus 5.43, but the average employee workweek index fell to minus 4.49 from minus 2.17.
Even so, the outlook for the coming months worsened, with the index of business conditions six months ahead dropping to its lowest level since February 2009 to 6.74 from 13.04 last month.
(Reporting by Leah Schnurr; Additional reporting by Jason Lange; Editing by Jan Paschal)
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TAIPEI, Taiwan ? A Taiwan-based company that supplies metal casings for Apple's Inc.'s MacBook series of laptops says it is shutting down some operations at its factory complex in eastern China following complaints of bad odors by residents.
Catcher Technology Chairman Hung Shui-shu told reporters late Monday that Chinese authorities had ordered the company to close down some production lines in Suzhou city for inspection.
Hung said the shutdown may halt up to 40 percent of production. Catcher also supplies cellphone casings for HTC Corp. and other global brands.
With environmental concerns rising, Chinese authorities are forced to take action to curtail the country's massive industrial pollution.
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